שאלה משלב א׳ בכירורגיה אורולוגית · מועד 2023, שאלה 105

Correct: A — vascular injury with uncontrolled bleeding. The retroperitoneal lymph node dissection template surrounds the aorta, the vena cava and their branches, with the lumbar vessels and the renal hilum at particular risk, and haemorrhage that cannot be controlled laparoscopically is the commonest reason for conversion. Bowel injury and adhesions (options B, C and D) occur but are far less often the cause, and the vascular hazard is why this operation is confined to high-volume centres.

מקור: ch.5 p.113, Table5.9