שאלה משלב א׳ בא.א.ג וכירורגיה של ראש וצוואר · מועד 2021, שאלה 32

Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are monoclonal antibodies that block the PD-1 receptor on T cells, releasing the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint and restoring anti-tumour immunity; both are used in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous carcinoma, pembrolizumab in the first line (alone or with chemotherapy, guided by PD-L1 expression). Their characteristic toxicities are immune-related - colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, thyroiditis and hypophysitis. Cetuximab is the EGFR blocker and bevacizumab the anti-angiogenic agent.

מקור: ch.73, p.1041